α1-抗胰蛋白酶介紹

1、縮寫詞

AAT 或 A1AT

2、定義

α1-抗胰蛋白酶（Alpha-1 antitrypsin,AAT 或 A1AT）是測定AAT 或 A1AT在你血清中的含量。

3、如何完成這個實驗

從靜脈抽血，常常從肘內側或手背部。穿刺部位用抗菌劑清潔。彈性帶放到上臂的上部增加壓力，引起靜脈的充盈。Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with antiseptic. An elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure and cause the vein to swell with blood.

穿刺針插入靜脈，血液收集到密閉的采血管或注射器。采血過程中松開采血帶以恢復血流。完成采血后拔出穿刺針，覆蓋穿刺部位以阻止任何出血。A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected in an air-tight vial or a syringe. During the procedure, the band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

在嬰兒或幼兒，穿刺部位消毒后用帶刻度的鋒針或刺血針穿刺，血液收集到移液管（或小的玻璃管）、載玻片、試驗帶、或小容器，穿刺部位如有任何出血可用繃帶包扎。In infants or young children, the area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette （small glass tube）, on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. A bandage may be applied to the puncture site if there is any bleeding.

4、如何準備這個實驗

沒有特殊準備。

5、抽血過程的感覺

當穿刺針插入時，你會有中等程度的疼痛，或僅有刺或螫的感覺，然后就是有些搏動的感覺。

6、為什么做這個實驗

這個實驗有助于鑒別一種少見的成人肺氣腫和一種少見的兒童肝硬化。在缺乏A1AT時，白細胞釋放的某些消化酶不能被抑制，引起肺和肝的廣泛損傷。This test is helpful in identifying a rare form of emphysema in adults and a rare form of cirrhosis in children. In the absence of A1AT, certain digestive enzymes released by white blood cells may go unchecked and cause widespread damage in the lungs and liver.

每個人都有兩個產(chǎn)生A1AT的基因，大部分病人有一個正常的基因和一個異常的基因。這些人A1AT水平都比正常人低。還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個異常基因和更嚴重的疾病。

7、異常結果的意義

低于正常水平的A1AT可能與下列疾病有關：

肝硬化

肺氣腫或慢性阻塞性肺病

肝臟腫瘤

阻塞性黃疸

門靜脈高血壓

8、風險

過量流血

暈厥或感覺頭昏眼花（暈針）

血腫（皮下血腫）

靜脈重復穿刺

9、提示

人與人之間的靜脈和動脈大小變異很大，身體兩側的靜脈和動脈也有不同。有些人的樣本采集可能比另外一些人更困難.Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than others.