FS450R12KE3/AGDR-71C 變頻器IGBT功率模塊ACS800系列315kw驅(qū)動(dòng)板

產(chǎn)品詳情資料

分散控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)的主要作用是對(duì)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程進(jìn)行控制、監(jiān)視、管理和決策，因此具有很高的可靠性，才能保證工廠的、經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行。隨著大規(guī)模計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不斷發(fā)展，可靠性問(wèn)題己經(jīng)成為一個(gè)十分重要的問(wèn)題，其理論也在這種形勢(shì)下不斷地發(fā)展和完善?？煽啃约夹g(shù)的研究?jī)?nèi)容大致分為四個(gè)方面：可靠性設(shè)計(jì)、可靠性分析、可靠性試驗(yàn)、可靠性管理。

　　一、DCS系統(tǒng)的可靠性措施

　　在DCS系統(tǒng)中，采用了許多提高可靠性的技術(shù)措施。這些技術(shù)措施是建立在以下四種基本思想上的：

　　①使系統(tǒng)本身不易發(fā)生故障，即所謂的故障預(yù)防。

　?、谠谙到y(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時(shí)盡可能減少故障所造成的影響，即所謂的故障保安和故障弱化。

　?、郛?dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時(shí)，能夠讓系統(tǒng)繼續(xù)運(yùn)行，即所謂的故障容錯(cuò)。

　?、墚?dāng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)生故障時(shí)，可以在不停止系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的情況下進(jìn)行維修，即所謂的在線維修。

　　基于這四種基本思想，DCS系統(tǒng)中采用了各種各樣的可靠性措施降低事故的發(fā)生及所造成的損失。

　　1、質(zhì)量管理和提高系統(tǒng)硬件水平

　　為了實(shí)現(xiàn)DCS系統(tǒng)的硬件可靠，DCS系統(tǒng)的制造商采取了一系列提高硬件質(zhì)量的措施，如對(duì)元器件進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的篩選、老化元器件的降額使用、充分考慮到參數(shù)變化的影響、采用低功耗元件、采用噪聲抑制技術(shù)等。

2、DCS系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)的可靠性措施

　　DCS出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題后，將會(huì)有無(wú)法操作、無(wú)法監(jiān)視等造成設(shè)備失控的情況出現(xiàn)。輕者出現(xiàn)設(shè)備停運(yùn)影響經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，重者危及人身和設(shè)備的。所以在設(shè)計(jì)中要根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的具體情況認(rèn)真的考慮系統(tǒng)以下幾點(diǎn)可靠性：

　　(1)電源系統(tǒng)

　　DCS系統(tǒng)的供電系統(tǒng)是其運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)，電源負(fù)荷不要超過(guò)60%，以免電源高負(fù)荷運(yùn)行。同時(shí)要考慮用的電源，一般采用UPS電源，采用兩臺(tái)UPS互為備用好，一臺(tái)出現(xiàn)故障后備用機(jī)能夠無(wú)擾切換，提高電源的可靠性。UPS輸入電源不要采用電氣的同一母線，要根據(jù)電氣廠用接線取可靠性高的不同母線段電源，這樣保證電氣一段母線出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題后不會(huì)影響DCS系統(tǒng)的電源。

　　DCS電源系統(tǒng)(UPS、電源柜等)在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝時(shí)要安裝在滿足無(wú)塵、無(wú)振動(dòng)、防腐等要求的電子設(shè)備間內(nèi)，同時(shí)安裝完畢通電前把電纜孔封堵，以防泄漏蒸汽從電纜孔進(jìn)入電源系統(tǒng)造成電源短路。在DCS電源上電后，要在UPS、電源柜等設(shè)備上掛“設(shè)備帶電運(yùn)行禁止操作"標(biāo)識(shí)牌，更不準(zhǔn)可以在DCS電源系統(tǒng)上接入與DCS系統(tǒng)無(wú)關(guān)的負(fù)載，如檢修電源、檢修照明、充電設(shè)備、空調(diào)等。

　　(2)冗余系統(tǒng)

　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)考慮人們有必要對(duì)重要的I/O模塊進(jìn)行冗余，同時(shí)考慮操作員站的N:1冗余結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣避免由于卡件或操作員站出現(xiàn)硬件故障造成設(shè)備停運(yùn)。

　　(3)采用后備措施

　　①手動(dòng)后備

　　對(duì)于重要的控制回路，可以采用手動(dòng)后備的方法來(lái)提高可靠性。一旦自動(dòng)控制失靈，用手動(dòng)操作站直接進(jìn)行操作，在這種情況下，手動(dòng)操作站直接輸出4～20mA或1～5V的模擬量信號(hào)去控制執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)或直接接地進(jìn)行設(shè)備的操作，可以手動(dòng)控制生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。

　　②自動(dòng)后備

　　自動(dòng)后備是采用冗余的方式設(shè)置另外一套或幾套備用控制裝置。當(dāng)處于運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的自動(dòng)控制裝置發(fā)生故障時(shí)，備用控制裝置自動(dòng)投入，維持系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)控制。自動(dòng)后備是冗余系統(tǒng)的一種形式，冗余有主控單元冗余、電源系統(tǒng)冗余、網(wǎng)絡(luò)冗余、I/O模塊冗余、操作員站冗余、服務(wù)器冗余等。運(yùn)行設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，熱備設(shè)備會(huì)自動(dòng)無(wú)擾的運(yùn)行，同時(shí)不影響對(duì)故障設(shè)備的檢修。

英文產(chǎn)品詳細(xì)信息

The main function of a distributed control system (DCS) is to control, monitor, manage, and make decisions during the production process. Therefore, it must have high reliability to ensure the safe and economic operation of the factory. With the continuous development of large-scale computer systems and computer communication networks, reliability has become a very important issue, and its theory has also been continuously developed and improved in this situation. The research content of reliability technology can be roughly divided into four aspects: reliability design, reliability analysis, reliability testing, and reliability management.

1、 Reliability Measures for DCS System

In the DCS system, many technical measures have been adopted to improve reliability. These technical measures are based on the following four basic ideas:

① Making the system itself less prone to malfunctions is known as fault prevention.

② When a system malfunctions, minimize the impact of the malfunction as much as possible, known as fault security and fault weakening.

③ When a system malfunctions, it can continue to operate, known as fault tolerance.

④ When a system malfunctions, maintenance can be carried out without stopping the system operation, known as online maintenance.

Based on these four basic ideas, various reliability measures have been adopted in the DCS system to reduce the occurrence of accidents and the resulting losses.

1. Quality management and improvement of system hardware level

In order to achieve hardware reliability of the DCS system, manufacturers of the DCS system have taken a series of measures to improve hardware quality, such as strict screening of components, derating of aging components, fully considering the impact of parameter changes, using low-power components, and adopting noise suppression technology.

2. Reliability measures for on-site design of DCS system

After DCS issues occur, there will be situations where equipment cannot be operated or monitored, resulting in loss of control. In light cases, equipment shutdown may affect economic benefits, while in severe cases, it may endanger personal and equipment safety. So in the design, the following reliability points of the system must be carefully considered based on the specific situation on site:

(1) Power system

The power supply system of the DCS system is the foundation of its operation, and the power load should not exceed 60% to avoid high load operation of the power supply. At the same time, it is necessary to consider using high-quality power supply, generally using UPS power supply. It is best to use two UPS as backup for each other, and one backup machine can switch without disturbance in case of a fault, improving the reliability of the power supply. The UPS input power supply should not use the same electrical busbar. It is necessary to choose different bus section power supplies with high reliability according to the electrical factory wiring, so as to ensure that the power supply of the DCS system will not be affected if there is a problem with the electrical busbar section.

When installing the DCS power supply system (UPS, power cabinet, etc.) on site, it should be installed in an electronic equipment room that meets the requirements of dust-free, vibration free, and anti-corrosion. At the same time, after installation, the cable holes should be sealed before power on to prevent leakage steam from entering the power supply system through the cable holes and causing power short circuits. After powering on the DCS power supply, a "No operation allowed for live operation of equipment" sign should be hung on equipment such as UPS and power cabinet, and it is not allowed to connect loads unrelated to the DCS system, such as maintenance power supply, lighting, charging equipment, air conditioning, etc., to the DCS power supply system.

(2) Redundant system

On site, it is necessary to consider the redundancy of important I/O modules, while also considering the N: 1 redundancy structure of the operator station, in order to avoid equipment shutdown caused by hardware failures of cards or operator stations.

(3) Adopting backup measures

① Manual backup

For important control circuits, manual backup methods can be used to improve reliability. Once the automatic control fails, the manual operation station can be used for direct operation. In this case, the manual operation station can directly output 4-20mA or 1-5V analog signals to control the actuator or directly ground the equipment for operation, which can manually control the production process.

② Automatic backup

Automatic backup is the use of redundancy to set up another set or several sets of backup control devices. When the automatic control device in operation malfunctions, the backup control device automatically switches on to maintain automatic control of the system. Automatic backup is a form of redundant system, which includes redundancy in the main control unit, power supply system, network, I/O module, operator station, and server. When there is a malfunction in the operating equipment, the hot standby equipment will automatically operate undisturbed without affecting the maintenance of the faulty equipment.

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