plc與dcs的分析比較

dcs和plc的設(shè)計原理區(qū)別較大，plc是由繼電器控制原理發(fā)展起來的，它以存儲執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算、順序控制、定時、計數(shù)和運(yùn)算等操作的指令；并通過數(shù)字輸入和輸出操作，來控 

制各類機(jī)械或生產(chǎn)過程。用戶編制的控制程序表達(dá)了生產(chǎn)過程的工藝要求，并事先存入plc的用戶程序存儲器中。運(yùn)行時按存儲程序的內(nèi)容逐條執(zhí)行，以完成工藝流程要求的操作。plc的cpu內(nèi)有指示程序步存儲地址的程序計數(shù)器，在程序運(yùn)行過程中，執(zhí)行一步該計數(shù)器自動加1，程序從起始步（步序號為零）起依次執(zhí)行到終步（通常為end指令），然后再返回起始步循環(huán)運(yùn)算。plc每完成一次循環(huán)操作所需的時間稱為一個掃描周期。不同型號的plc，循環(huán)掃描周期在1微秒到幾十微秒之間。程序計數(shù)器這樣的循環(huán)操作，這是dcs所沒有的。這也是使plc的冗余不如dcs的原因。dcs是在運(yùn)算放大器的基礎(chǔ)上得以發(fā)展的。把所有的函數(shù)和過程變量之間的關(guān)系都做成功能塊（有的dcs系統(tǒng)稱為膨化塊）。dcs和plc的表現(xiàn)的主要差別是在開關(guān)量的邏輯解算和模擬量的運(yùn)算上，即使后來兩者相互有些滲透，但是還是有區(qū)別。80年代以后，plc除邏輯運(yùn)算外，控制回路用的算法功能已經(jīng)大大加強(qiáng)，但 plc用梯形圖編程，模擬量的運(yùn)算在編程時不太直觀，編程比較麻煩。但在解算邏輯方面，表現(xiàn)出快速的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在微秒量級，解算1k邏輯程序不到1毫秒。它把所有的輸入都當(dāng)成開關(guān)量來處理，16位（也有32位的）為一個模擬量。而dcs把所有輸入都當(dāng)成模擬量，1位就是開關(guān)量。解算一個邏輯是在幾百微秒至幾毫秒量級。對于plc解算一個pid運(yùn)算在幾十毫秒，這與dcs的運(yùn)算時間不相上下。 

在接地電阻方面，對plc也許要求不高，但對dcs一定要在幾歐姆以下（通常在4歐姆以下）。模擬量隔離也是非常重要的。
 

相同i/o點(diǎn)數(shù)的系統(tǒng)，用plc比用dcs，其成本要低一些（大約能省40%左右）。plc沒有操作站，它用的軟件和硬件都是通用的，所以維護(hù)成本比dcs要低很多。如果被控對象主要是設(shè)備連鎖、回路相對很少，采用plc較為合適。如果主要是模擬量控制、并且函數(shù)運(yùn)算很多，好采用dcs。dcs在控制器、i/o板、通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)等的冗余方面，一些高級運(yùn)算、行業(yè)的特殊要求方面都要比plc好的多。plc由于采用通用監(jiān)控軟件，在設(shè)計企業(yè)的管理信息系統(tǒng)方面，要容易一些。

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